​Two new chemical compounds X and Y are synthesized in a laboratory and tested for their potency as a mutagen. The nature of the mutation produced by these compounds is tested for reversal by other known mutagens and the following results were obtained:​

​Which statement best describes the nature of the two mutagens?​

Correct option is A

Explanation-

​5-Bromouracil (5-BU) - Base analog that causes transition mutations (mainly AT ↔ GC transitions).
EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) - Alkylating agent, causes GC → AT transitions (base substitutions).
Hydroxylamine - Specifically modifies cytosine to cause GC → AT transitions (base substitutions).
Acridine Orange - Intercalating agent, causes frameshift mutations by insertions/deletions (indels).

Analysis of Compound X:
               Reversed by 5-BU and EMS, not by Acridine Orange or Hydroxylamine.
               This indicates that Compound X causes point mutations, specifically Base substitutions and transitions (e.g., CG → TA).
Conclusion for Compound X - Compound X causes base substitutions (e.g., transitions like CG → TA).
Analysis of Compound Y:
                Reversed only by Acridine Orange.
                Acridine orange reverses frameshift mutations.
                So Compound Y must be causing:  Insertions or deletions (indels)
Conclusion for Compound Y: Compound Y causes insertions or deletions.

So, the correct answer is option  a - Compound X produces single base substitutions that generate CG to TA transitions, and Compound Y produces insertions or deletions.
This matches perfectly with the analysis.