The UNICEF model of causes of malnutrition identifies several levels of causes, such as immediate, underlying, and basic. Which of the following is not one of the underlying reasons in the UNICEF model?

Correct option is A

Ans. (a) Insufficient rainfall for agriculture
Sol. The UNICEF model of malnutrition categorizes causes into three levels:
1. Immediate Causes – Inadequate dietary intake and disease.
2. Underlying Causes – Food insecurity, poor maternal and child care, inadequate health services, and an unhealthy environment.
3. Basic Causes – Socioeconomic and political factors, including poverty, education, and environmental conditions like climate change.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Insufficient rainfall for agriculture – Correct answer. This is a basic cause (related to environmental factors) rather than an underlying cause in the UNICEF model.
· (b) Inadequate access to food – Underlying cause, as food insecurity leads to malnutrition.
· (c) Inadequate care of mothers and children – Underlying cause, affecting child nutrition and health.
· (d) Inadequate health services and unhealthy environment – Underlying cause, contributing to infections and poor child health.