Correct option is D
The correct answer is (d) Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that originated in the United States in the late 19th century. Its primary proponents include Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. Pragmatism emphasizes the practical application of ideas by assessing their truth in terms of their success in practical applications and their utility in solving problems. The essence of pragmatism lies in its focus on the practical consequences of ideas and the ways in which they can be applied to real-world situations. It suggests that the meaning and truth of ideas are determined by their observable effects and their ability to address and solve immediate problems. This philosophy inherently values practical outcomes and immediate benefits over abstract theorizing or speculative thought. When considering the phrase “Immediate mundane aims,” it resonates deeply with pragmatist philosophy because it reflects a focus on tangible, everyday goals and the practical implications of actions and ideas. Pragmatism advocates for addressing the immediate and practical needs of individuals and society, rather than getting lost in theoretical or metaphysical speculations that do not directly contribute to solving real-world issues.