The deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils due to various reasons like human activity is called as:

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Land degradation the deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future.
Examine each option:
(a) Land degradation: 
· The deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future. This is typically caused by human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, improper agricultural practices, and industrial activities.
(b) Land Amelioration: 
· Refers to the process of improving the physical, chemical, or biological properties of the soil to enhance its productivity. This might include practices like adding organic matter, fertilizers, or soil conditioners.
(c) Land Augmentation: 
· Involves increasing the total area of productive land, often through techniques such as land reclamation from seas, lakes, or conversion of non-arable lands into arable land.
(d) Land Improvement: 
· Encompasses a range of activities aimed at enhancing the quality and productivity of land, which can include drainage, irrigation, and soil conservation practices.