Correct option is D
The correct answer is (d) student-centred learning and active participation
Explanation:
Progressive education views students as unique individuals with their own interests and needs. It prioritizes experiential learning, collaboration, and social responsibility over traditional lecture-style teaching. The goal is to develop the whole child—emotionally, socially, and intellectually—for life in a democratic society.
Information Booster:
⇨ John Dewey: The father of progressive education, who advocated for "learning by doing."
⇨ Holistic Growth: Education aimed at developing all aspects of a child's personality.
⇨ Social Interaction: Recognizing that learning is a social process and happens through teamwork.
⇨ Problem-Solving: Focusing on authentic tasks that prepare students for real-life challenges.
⇨ Flexible Curriculum: Allowing the curriculum to adapt to student interests and community needs.
⇨ Democracy: Promoting values of equality and active citizenship through the classroom culture.
Additional Points:
• Option (A) Rote memorization: Traditional approach that is the opposite of the progressive philosophy.
• Option (B) Standardized testing: Progressives often critique these for failing to capture true individual growth.
• Option (C) Competition: Progressives prefer cooperation and group achievement over individual rivalry.
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