Correct option is C
The incorrect matches are:
C. Natural Rights - Hobbes
D. Social Contract - John Locke
Thomas Hobbes is best known for his social contract theory rather than natural rights. In his work "Leviathan," Hobbes discusses how individuals consent to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of a ruler or magistrate to maintain social order.
John Locke, on the other hand, is renowned for his theory of natural rights, which asserts that individuals have certain inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and property. Locke's ideas were foundational to modern democratic thought and influenced documents like the American Declaration of Independence.
Information Booster:
1. George Holyoake: Coined the term "secularism," advocating for a separation between religion and government.
2. Mikhail Bakunin: A prominent Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism, not socialism.
3. John Locke: Proposed that government should protect the natural rights of individuals and that authority is derived from the consent of the governed.
4. Thomas Hobbes: Advocated for a strong central authority to avoid the chaos of a state of nature, detailed in "Leviathan."
5. John Rawls: Introduced the concept of the "veil of ignorance" in his theory of justice, ensuring fairness by making decisions without knowing one's social status.
6. Natural Rights: Fundamental rights that individuals have under natural law, often considered inherent and not contingent on human laws or beliefs.
Additional Information:
· George Holyoake (A): Secularism involves promoting a society based on non-religious ethical values.
· Mikhail Bakunin (B): Although he contributed to socialist thought, his main contribution was to anarchism.
· Hobbes (C): Known for the social contract, which forms the basis of his views on the legitimacy of political authority.
· Locke (D): His natural rights theory asserts that certain rights are inherent by virtue of human nature.
· John Rawls (E): Developed a theory of justice based on fairness and equality, employing the concept of the veil of ignorance.