Optical remote sensing has been increasingly used to monitor vegetation globally. The table below lists different regions of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) spectrum as well as different vegetation characteristics:

List I	List II
Part of the EMR spectrum	Vegetation characteristics
A. Ultraviolet	I. Plant water content
B. Visible	II. Foliage density
C. Near Infrared	III. Plant photosynthetic pigments
D. Shortwave Infrared

Which one of the following combinations correctly matches the EMR region with the vegetation character analysed:

Correct option is D

Explanation-

List I (EMR Spectrum) with their Uses in Vegetation Analysis:
A. Ultraviolet (UV)
UV is generally not widely used in vegetation monitoring due to strong absorption by the atmosphere and low reflectance by vegetation. When used, it may contribute to detecting stress indicators or damage, but not commonly used for photosynthetic pigments or water content.
B. Visible (400–700 nm) - III  Plant photosynthetic pigments
It corresponds to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and sensitive to chlorophyll and pigments → used to assess plant photosynthetic pigments.
C. Near Infrared (NIR, ~700–1300 nm)  -  II  Foliage density
It is strongly reflected by healthy vegetation due to internal cell structure. It is used to assess foliage density and biomass.
D. Shortwave Infrared (SWIR, ~1300–2500 nm)  -   I  Plant water content
It is absorbed by water in plant tissues and useful in determining plant water content.

Final answer - Option d is Correct.
B → III
C → II
D → I