Correct option is A
Explanation-
Batesian Mimicry - A harmless species (mimic) evolves to resemble a harmful or unpalatable species (model). The predator avoids the mimic, mistaking it for the dangerous species. This is deceptive mimicry — the mimic gains protection, but the predator loses (negative outcome). In this, mimic is not harmful and model is genuinely harmful. Predator is deceived, affecting its fitness.
Example: The harmless Viceroy butterfly mimicking the toxic Monarch butterfly.
Incorrect option -
Option b - Müllerian mimicry
Here, two or more harmful species evolve to resemble each other. Predator learns faster to avoid them → mutual benefit. This is not deceptive mimicry. Fitness impact on receiver (predator) is expected, not surprising. Deceptiveness is low because all are genuinely harmful.
Option c - Fisherian mimicry
This is related to sexual selection, not predator-prey dynamics. It is proposed by R.A. Fisher, where traits evolve by female preference (e.g., peacock's tail). This is not relevant to deception or fitness consequences for predators.
Option d - Millerian mimicry
Likely a misspelling or distractor meant to confuse with Müllerian mimicry. There is no widely recognized "Millerian mimicry" in biology.
So, the correct answer is option a - Batesian mimicry
