Correct option is D
Explanation:
A. Charles Elton – (III) Pyramid structure of feeding relationships in ecosystems
- Charles Elton (1927) introduced the concept of the "Ecological Pyramid," which describes the hierarchical organization of trophic levels in ecosystems.
- He explained how energy and biomass decrease at higher trophic levels, forming a pyramid shape.
B. A. G. Tansley – (II) The term "Ecosystem"
- A. G. Tansley (1935) coined the term "Ecosystem", emphasizing the interaction between organisms and their physical environment.
- His work laid the foundation for modern ecological studies and the understanding of ecological units.
C. A. J. Lotka – (IV) A thermodynamic view of the ecosystem
- A. J. Lotka applied thermodynamics to ecology, focusing on the energy flow through biological systems.
- He studied how energy transformations govern ecological processes, leading to the development of ecosystem energetics.
D. Raymond Lindeman – (I) Trophic dynamics
- Raymond Lindeman (1942) pioneered the study of trophic dynamics, which examines the transfer of energy between different trophic levels in an ecosystem.
- His research led to the 10% energy transfer rule, explaining how only about 10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level, while the rest is lost as heat.
