​Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

LIST-I (Ideology)		LIST-II (Proponent)
A.	Pluralism	I.	Deen Dayal Upadhyay
B.	Utilitarianism	II.	Auguste Comte
C.	Integral Humanism	III.	Jeremy Bentham
D.	Positivism	IV.	James Madison

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• Pluralism refers to a political system where multiple groups, interests, or ideologies coexist and compete for influence.

• James Madison, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, advocated for pluralism (through checks and balances) in The Federalist Papers, particularly in Federalist No. 10, where he discussed factions in a democratic society.

B. Utilitarianism → III. Jeremy Bentham

• Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that suggests actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

• Jeremy Bentham is the most prominent proponent of utilitarianism, emphasizing the principle of "the greatest good for the greatest number."

C. Integral Humanism → I. Deen Dayal Upadhyay

• Integral Humanism is a philosophy that emphasizes the harmonious development of the material, intellectual, and spiritual aspects of human life.

• Deen Dayal Upadhyay, an Indian philosopher and leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, proposed this ideology as an alternative to Western capitalism and socialism, focusing on Indian cultural values.

D. Positivism → II. Auguste Comte

• Positivism is a philosophical system that emphasizes empirical evidence and scientific methods as the basis for knowledge.

• Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, is considered the father of positivism, advocating for the application of the scientific method to social sciences.

Final Matching:

• A-IV (Pluralism → James Madison)

• B-III (Utilitarianism → Jeremy Bentham)

• C-I (Integral Humanism → Deen Dayal Upadhyay)

• D-II (Positivism → Auguste Comte)

Thus, the correct option is (c) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.