Correct option is A
The correct answer is A - II, B - III, C - I, D - IV.
1. C.L. Hull is best known for his drive theory, which emphasizes the role of drive (Option II) in motivation.
2. S. Freud is associated with his theory of the unconscious mind, where instinct (Option III) plays a central role in behavior and motivation.
3. H. Murray proposed the concept of need (Option I) as central to motivation, especially in terms of psychological needs that drive behavior.
4. D.C. McClelland is known for his work on motivation, specifically his fantasy (Option IV) theory, focusing on the need for achievement and the role of fantasy in motivation.
Information Booster
1. C.L. Hull’s Drive Theory:
1.1. Hull proposed that motivation is based on biological drives that arise from needs and can direct behavior.
1.2. He focused on drive as the core motivator, with a reduction in drive leading to satisfaction and behavior reinforcement.
1.3. Hull’s model heavily emphasizes homeostasis and the drive to satisfy basic biological needs like hunger and thirst.
1.4. His theory has been influential in explaining motivation, though it has faced criticism for being overly simplistic.
1.5. Hull’s work laid the foundation for behaviorist theories of motivation, focusing on the importance of reinforcement.
2. S. Freud’s Instinct Theory:
2.1. Freud’s theories often center around unconscious forces and instincts (such as life and death instincts) that drive human behavior.
2.2. He believed that human behavior is often influenced by basic biological instincts and internal drives.
2.3. Freud’s model was critical of the idea that instincts were purely rational or conscious, viewing them as deeply unconscious forces.
2.4. His work influenced many later psychoanalytic theories, even though aspects of his model have been challenged.
3. H. Murray’s Needs:
3.1. Murray believed that individuals have a variety of needs that can drive behavior, such as the need for affiliation, achievement, and information.
3.2. He focused on how internal and external factors, including needs, shape behavior and influence psychological outcomes.
3.3. Murray’s theory emphasized the uniqueness of individuals and how their needs and goals are context-specific.
3.4. He also introduced the concept of the press, which refers to external forces that influence how individuals pursue their needs.
4. D.C. McClelland’s Achievement Motivation:
4.1. McClelland’s work focused on the need for achievement, the idea that people are motivated by a desire to accomplish significant tasks.
4.2. He believed that fantasy plays an important role in motivation, particularly through imagining success and visualizing goals.
4.3. McClelland's theory of needs is centered on how individuals differ in their need for achievement, power, and affiliation.
4.4. He identified the need for achievement as a primary motivator for those who tend to pursue challenging goals.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
