Lev Vygotsky proposed that thinking :

Correct option is A

Lev Vygotsky, a key figure in developmental psychology, proposed that thinking is co-constructed during social interactions. According to his socio-cultural theory, learning and cognitive development are fundamentally social processes. Vygotsky argued that children acquire knowledge through collaboration with more knowledgeable others (such as parents, teachers, or peers), and these interactions facilitate the internalization of higher mental functions.
The concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is central to Vygotsky's theory. It describes the range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not yet independently. Language plays a pivotal role, as it mediates thought and helps children organize and regulate their thinking. Vygotsky’s ideas emphasize that thinking and learning are deeply embedded in the child’s cultural and social context.

Information Booster

1. Thinking as Co-constructed: Cognitive processes develop through social interaction and are shaped by the culture and tools available to the individual.
2. Role of the ZPD: The ZPD bridges what a learner can do alone and what they can achieve with help, emphasizing the importance of guided learning.
3. Language as a Tool: Vygotsky identified language as a critical tool for thought, enabling planning, problem-solving, and self-regulation.
4. Scaffolding: Teachers and caregivers provide temporary support (scaffolding) within the ZPD to help the learner master new skills.
5. Internalization: Through repeated interactions, external dialogue transforms into internal thought, fostering independent thinking.
6. Cultural Influence: Cognitive development is influenced by the tools, signs, and symbols of the child's cultural environment.