Correct option is A
The correct answer is (a).
The cost of reproduction in life history theory refers to the negative impact that current reproductive effort may have on future reproductive output or survival. This concept suggests that energy and resources allocated to reproduction (such as investment in offspring or mating efforts) reduce the energy available for other vital functions such as survival, growth, or future reproduction. The trade-off between current and future reproductive success is a fundamental concept in life history theory.
Incorrect options-
Option (b) is incorrect because it talks about reducing current reproductive output to save energy, which is a different strategy, not the cost itself.
Option (c) mentions trade-offs between foraging and reproduction, which is a broader resource allocation issue, but not the specific ‘cost of reproduction.’
Option (d) discusses mating and territorial defense trade-offs, which are behavioral strategies and not the core concept of reproduction cost in life history theory.
