Identify the correct statements regarding variables.

A. The researcher manipulates an independent variable
B. A dependent variable is the outcome being measured
C. Extraneous variables are always controlled
D. Control variables lead to spurious relationships

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is A

A. The researcher manipulates an independent variable - Correct
In experimental research, the independent variable (IV) is the one manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable (DV).
B. A dependent variable is the outcome being measured - Correct
The dependent variable reflects the effect or outcome of the manipulation. It is measured to assess the impact of the independent variable.
C. Extraneous variables are always controlled - Incorrect
Extraneous variables are uncontrolled variables that can affect the DV. While researchers try to control them, they are not always successfully controlled. Hence, this statement is not universally true.
D. Control variables lead to spurious relationships- Incorrect
Control variables are variables that are kept constant or accounted for to prevent spurious (false) relationships.
It’s confounding variables, not control variables, that can lead to spurious relationships if not managed properly.