Hemodialysis consists of several tubes having semipermeable lining suspended in tank having fluid that has _________.

Correct option is C

Correct Answer:(C) Same osmotic pressure as blood and is devoid of nitrogenous wastes

• Hemodialysis is a medical treatment used to remove waste products, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform these functions.
• The dialysis fluid (also called dialysate) in the hemodialysis machine has the same osmotic pressure as the blood but is devoid of nitrogenous wastes such as urea, which need to be removed from the patient's blood.
• The dialysis process uses a semipermeable membrane to allow waste products like urea, creatinine, and excess electrolytes to diffuse from the blood into the dialysis fluid, while preventing larger molecules like blood cells and proteins from crossing.
• The osmotic pressure of the fluid is carefully controlled to facilitate the movement of waste products and excess fluid out of the blood without causing imbalances.

Other Option Information:

•  Same composition as renal filtrate

  • This is not entirely accurate. While the composition of the dialysate resembles the renal filtrate (as it contains salts, water, etc.), it is specifically designed to not contain nitrogenous wastes so that they can be removed from the blood during dialysis.

•  Same composition as blood except that it has more heparin

  • Heparin is often used as an anticoagulant in dialysis, but the composition of the dialysate is not the same as blood.
  • The dialysate is designed to facilitate the removal of waste, not to mimic blood composition. The increased heparin would be irrelevant in the context of the dialysate's primary function.

• Low osmotic pressure to enable movement of molecules

  • The dialysate is designed to have same osmotic pressure as the blood to maintain proper fluid balance during dialysis. Having low osmotic pressure would not be ideal, as it could lead to excess water movement into or out of the blood inappropriately.

Key Points:

• Hemodialysis uses a semipermeable membrane to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood.
• The dialysate is designed to match the osmotic pressure of blood while being devoid of nitrogenous wastes.
• The treatment aims to correct electrolyte imbalances and remove metabolic waste products from the blood.