Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument –‘Sound is quality because it is visible’, is fallacious.
Reason (R): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument – ‘Sound is quality because it is visible’ involves a middle term that cannot its very nature be present in the minor term.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is A

In classical Indian logic, particularly within the Nyaya school, an argument is structured similarly to the syllogistic form found in Aristotelian logic. An argument must have a premise (pratijña), a reason (hetu), an example (udāharaṇa), an application (upanaya), and a conclusion (nigamana). The reasoning process often involves identifying an inherent relationship (sambandha) between the subject (paksha) and the predicate through a valid middle term (hetu).
Analyzing the provided statements:
Assertion (A): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument –‘Sound is quality because it is visible’, is fallacious.
 Explanation: In classical Indian logic, an argument is considered fallacious if the middle term (hetu) does not correctly link the subject and the predicate across all instances. The assertion here identifies the argument as fallacious, presumably because "sound" (which is not visible) is said to be a quality due to its visibility. Sound cannot be seen; therefore, the hetu "because it is visible" fails the test of pervasion (vyapti) as it does not apply universally to the subject (sound). Thus, the assertion is true.
Reason (R): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument – ‘Sound is quality because it is visible’ involves a middle term that cannot its very nature be present in the minor term.
 Explanation: The reason correctly identifies why the argument is fallacious: the middle term (visibility) does not inherently relate to the minor term (sound), since sound is not visible. This is a correct explanation because it precisely pinpoints the logical error in terms of classical Indian logic’s requirement for a universally applicable hetu.
The Reason (R) correctly explains why the Assertion (A) is accurate, detailing the failure of the middle term to appropriately link the subject and predicate in a universally applicable manner.
Thus, the correct answer is:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.