According to Nyāya, "Knowledge that is not derived through the instrumentality of other knowledge" is called:

Correct option is A

In Nyāya philosophy, Pratyaksa refers to direct perception or empirical knowledge that is not derived from any other form of knowledge. It is the knowledge gained through direct sensory experience, without reliance on other forms of inference or testimony. For example, knowledge gained by seeing, hearing, or touching directly is considered Pratyaksa knowledge.

Information Booster:

1. Pratyaksa is one of the valid sources of knowledge (Pramana) in the Nyāya system.

2. Pratyaksa emphasizes direct sensory perception without any intermediary.

3. In Pratyaksa, the perception of an object through the senses (like sight, touch, hearing) leads to immediate knowledge.

4. The Nyāya school recognizes four valid means of knowledge: Pratyaksa (perception), Anumana (inference), Sabda (testimony), and Upamana (comparison).

5. Pratyaksa is considered the most immediate form of knowledge, as it is directly acquired through our senses.

Additional Information:

• Anumana is inference, which is knowledge derived through reasoning or the instrumentality of other knowledge.

• Sabda refers toknowledge derived from verbal testimony or authoritative sources.

• Anupalabdhi refers toknowledge derived from the absence of something, like understanding the absence of an object in a certain place.