Correct option is D
Industrial Relations (IR) refer to the dynamic, collective relationships between employers, employees, and the government. Structurally, it is recognized as a tripartite system involving three main actors: management, labor unions, and the state.
Statement A is correct because industrial relations inherently arise out of, and are an outcome of, the core employment relationship within an organization.
Statement B is correct as a fundamental goal of IR is to develop mutual methods, collective bargaining strategies, and cooperation to adjust to each other's needs.
Statement C is correct because IR focuses heavily on establishing a framework of rules, regulations, and joint agreements to maintain workplace peace and stability.
Statement D is incorrect because the government plays a vital, proactive role in shaping, monitoring, and regulating industrial relations through labor laws, policies, conciliation services, and industrial tribunals.
Statement E is correct because employees, their organizations (unions), and employers represent the primary, direct stakeholders operating within the workplace.