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​Characteristics of industrial relations include:A. An outcome of employment relationships in an organisationB. Develop the skills and methods of adju
Question

​Characteristics of industrial relations include:
A. An outcome of employment relationships in an organisation
B. Develop the skills and methods of adjusting to and cooperating with each other
C. Create rules and regulations to maintain harmonious relations
D. Government is not involved in shaping industrial relations
E. Parties to industrial relations are employees, their organisations and employers
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:​

A.

A, B, E only

B.

A, B, C only

C.

C, D, E only

D.

A, B, C, E only

Correct option is D

Industrial Relations (IR) refer to the dynamic, collective relationships between employers, employees, and the government. Structurally, it is recognized as a tripartite system involving three main actors: management, labor unions, and the state.

  • Statement A is correct because industrial relations inherently arise out of, and are an outcome of, the core employment relationship within an organization.

  • Statement B is correct as a fundamental goal of IR is to develop mutual methods, collective bargaining strategies, and cooperation to adjust to each other's needs.

  • Statement C is correct because IR focuses heavily on establishing a framework of rules, regulations, and joint agreements to maintain workplace peace and stability.

  • Statement D is incorrect because the government plays a vital, proactive role in shaping, monitoring, and regulating industrial relations through labor laws, policies, conciliation services, and industrial tribunals.

  • Statement E is correct because employees, their organizations (unions), and employers represent the primary, direct stakeholders operating within the workplace.

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