Correct option is C
Introduction:
Henry Mintzberg, a renowned management theorist, identified five types of strategies in his framework for strategic management: Intended Strategy, Deliberate Strategy, Unrealized Strategy, Emergent Strategy, and Realized Strategy.
Mintzberg’s model emphasizes that strategy is not always a fixed, pre-planned approach but rather a dynamic process that evolves over time. His strategic framework is based on how strategies are formed and implemented in real-world business scenarios.
The concept of Contingency Strategy is not a part of Mintzberg’s framework. Contingency strategies refer to backup plans or alternative courses of action prepared in advance to deal with potential risks or uncertainties. While contingency planning is important in business, it does not fit within Mintzberg’s categorization of strategies.
Information Booster:
Contingency strategy refers to a backup plan that organizations prepare to respond to uncertainties and risks.
It is used for crisis management and risk mitigation in cases where the original strategy fails.
Unlike Mintzberg’s strategic types, contingency planning is more about preparing for unexpected events rather than focusing on how strategies evolve.
Businesses often create contingency strategies to handle economic downturns, competitor actions, supply chain disruptions, or technological failures.
These strategies are commonly used in disaster management, emergency response, and risk assessment frameworks.
Contingency planning ensures that organizations can adapt quickly to unforeseen challenges without disrupting their operations.
While crucial for business survival, contingency strategies do not belong to Mintzberg’s five-part strategy model.
Additional Knowledge:
(1) Intended Strategy
This is the original planned strategy that an organization develops. It represents the goals and direction set by leadership before implementation.
Intended strategies often undergo modifications due to real-world challenges.
(2) Unrealized Strategy
This refers to the part of the intended strategy that does not get implemented.
Due to changing market conditions, organizational constraints, or unforeseen obstacles, some strategic plans become unrealized.
(4) Emergent Strategy
This type of strategy develops over time as organizations adapt to changes.
Instead of following a rigid plan, emergent strategies evolve from spontaneous actions and real-world experiences.
Mintzberg emphasized emergent strategy as a crucial part of strategic management because real business environments are unpredictable.

