Arrange the four theories of the press in the correct order of theories:

A. Soviet Theory
B. Authoritarian Theory
C. Libertarian Theory
D. Social Responsibility Theory

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

The four main theories of the press explain the relationship between media and state across different societies and governments. These theories are generally viewed in a historical context, with each theory representing the media's role at various points in time and in different systems of governance.

• B. Authoritarian Theory: This theory holds that the press exists under control of the state, and is used to serve the authority and maintain the status quo. Media is tightly controlled by the government, which limits freedom of expression. This is the earliest theory when monarchies and dictatorships dominated.

• C. Libertarian Theory: This theory asserts that the press should be free of government control and interference. The press is viewed as an essential part of free speech and public opinion, where it serves the interests of society. The media's primary role is to inform the public, ensuring that citizens have the freedom to express opinions.

• A. Soviet Theory: Originating in the Soviet Union, this theory views the press as an instrument to serve the public good, but the state maintains control over it. The media must serve the goals of the state, and, in the context of Marxism-Leninism, it promotes a socialist state where media supports the state ideology.

• D. Social Responsibility Theory: This theory suggests that the press should be free, but it must also be accountable to society. The media should not only provide news and information but also uphold ethical standards and promote social welfare. It maintains that the press has a responsibility to society to help ensure that all citizens have access to useful and truthful information.

Information Booster:

1. Authoritarian Theory (B): Early press systems in monarchies or autocratic regimes adhered to this theory, where the press was a tool for the government to maintain order.
2. Libertarian Theory (C): Developed during the Age of Enlightenment, this theory champions the idea that freedom of the press is essential for democracy.
3. Soviet Theory (A): In Soviet Russia, the press was highly regulated and had to promote state-controlled, pro-socialist messages, while serving government interests.
4. Social Responsibility Theory (D): The Social Responsibility Theory is especially relevant in modern democracies, where the press is expected to serve public interests beyond simply reporting events.