An elementary school teacher can strongly influence students' development of academic self-concept by:

Correct option is B

Rewarding autonomy and initiative in students can strongly influence the development of a positive academic self-concept. When teachers encourage and reward students for taking initiative and being autonomous in their learning, it helps students build confidence in their abilities and fosters a sense of competence. This positive reinforcement supports students in developing a belief in their ability to succeed academically, which is a key aspect of academic self-concept. By promoting autonomy, teachers help students feel more in control of their learning process, which can lead to increased motivation, engagement, and persistence in challenging tasks. Recognizing and valuing students' efforts to take charge of their learning experiences thus plays a critical role in shaping their academic identity and perceptions of their academic capabilities.
Information Booster:
Encouraging autonomy and initiative contrasts with approaches that involve punishing autonomy (a) or maintaining low expectations (c, d), both of which can negatively affect students’ self-esteem and academic self-concept. High expectations, combined with support and encouragement, are crucial for all students' growth and achievement, including those with special needs. An environment that nurtures autonomy and initiative while providing appropriate challenges and support is key to fostering positive academic and personal development.