A woman who learns that she has been deprived of promotion to a higher job in a company, may storm into her boss’s office and have a temper tantrum. It exemplifies:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is Regression.
1. Regression refers to a defense mechanism where an individual reverts to earlier stages of development, especially when faced with stress or frustration. In this case, the woman responds to the disappointment of not being promoted by exhibiting childish behavior, such as storming into her boss's office and having a temper tantrum, which is a sign of regressing to a less mature emotional response.

Information Booster

1. Regression:
1.1. Regression involves reverting to behaviors typical of an earlier developmental stage when faced with stress, disappointment, or frustration.
1.2. It is commonly seen in children but can also occur in adults, particularly in emotionally overwhelming situations.
1.3. The emotional outburst (temper tantrum) in response to a stressful situation (being denied a promotion) is an example of regression because the woman is resorting to a less mature, childlike way of expressing frustration.
1.4. Regression is often an unconscious defense mechanism that allows an individual to avoid facing the full impact of stress by reverting to earlier, less mature coping strategies.
1.5. This mechanism allows individuals to temporarily reduce anxiety or discomfort, although it may not be productive in the long term.
1.6. In some cases, regression can help individuals deal with overwhelming emotions but can also hinder personal growth and maturity if overused.

Additional Information

2. Sublimation:
2.1. Sublimation is a defense mechanism where unacceptable or harmful impulses are redirected into socially acceptable and constructive activities.
2.2. For example, someone with aggressive tendencies might channel that energy into competitive sports or physical exercise.
2.3. Unlike regression, sublimation helps individuals engage in positive outlets and may lead to personal development.
2.4. It is considered a healthier defense mechanism because it promotes societal and personal growth rather than retreating to immature behavior.

3. Rationalization:
3.1. Rationalization involves justifying or making excuses for behaviors, actions, or situations that are actually caused by unacceptable or anxiety-inducing feelings.
3.2. In the case of the woman, she might rationalize her inability to get promoted by convincing herself that the promotion was undeserved or that her boss was biased.
3.3. Rationalization allows individuals to avoid confronting painful truths by offering seemingly logical reasons for their failures or disappointments.
3.4. While rationalization can help manage stress in the short term, it often prevents individuals from addressing the real issues and can lead to distorted perceptions.

4. Reaction Formation:
4.1. Reaction Formation is a defense mechanism where an individual expresses the opposite of their true feelings, often to protect themselves from anxiety.
4.2. For example, if the woman felt deep resentment about not being promoted, she might overcompensate by acting overly cheerful and supportive of the decision to hide her true emotions.
4.3. This defense mechanism operates by adopting a stance that is diametrically opposed to one's genuine feelings, often as a way to avoid internal conflict.
4.4. Reaction Formation can provide temporary relief from emotional discomfort but may create confusion and emotional turmoil in the long term if the real feelings are never acknowledged.