A number is increased by 25% and then decreased by 16%, the final value of the number:

Correct option is B

Given: Let the original number be x, Increase = 25%, Decrease = 16%
Formula Used:

Final Value = Original Value × (1 + Increase/100) × (1 - Decrease/100)
Solution:

Let the original number be x.
After increasing the number by 25%, the value becomes:
x × (1 + 25/100) = x × 1.25
After decreasing this new value by 16%, the final value becomes:
x × 1.25 × (1 - 16/100) = x × 1.25 × 0.84 = x × 1.05
​The percentage change from the original number is:
Percentage change = (1.05x - x) / x × 100 = 5%
Hence, the final percentage change is an increase of 5%.​

Alternate Solution:

Let the initial number be 100.
New Value after increasing 25% = 100 × (1 + 25/100) = 100 × 1.25 = 125
Final Value after decreasing 16% = 125 × (1 - 16/100) = 125 × 0.84 = 105
Thus, the final value of the number is 105

Percentage change = (105 - 100) / 100 × 100 = 5%
Hence, the final percentage change is an increase of 5%.