Whose sociocultural theory of learning explains that learning occurs during social interactions between individuals?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) Vygotsky
Explanation:
Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory emphasizes that social interaction and culture are fundamental to cognitive development. He argued that learning is a collaborative process and that children acquire knowledge through dialogue with More Knowledgeable Others (MKOs).
Information Booster:
● Social Interaction: Vygotsky believed that cognitive functions originate in social relationships and then move to the individual level.
● ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development): The gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with assistance.
● MKO (More Knowledgeable Other): Anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner for a particular task.
● Scaffolding: The support provided by an expert to a novice, which is gradually removed as the learner becomes proficient.
● Cultural Tools: Language, symbols, and artifacts that mediate thinking and are passed down through social groups.
Additional Points:
● Option (a): Constructivism focus – Jean Piaget focused on individual discovery and biological maturation rather than social influence.
● Option (b): Dialectic method – Socrates used a method of questioning to elicit knowledge but did not propose a sociocultural learning theory.
● Option (c): Behaviorism – Ivan Pavlov is known for classical conditioning, focusing on stimulus-response associations rather than social learning.

So the correct answer is (d)