Who has used the term ‘bowling alone’ to describe the erosion of community ties in the United States?

Correct option is D

The term "bowling alone" was popularized by Robert D. Putnam in his book titled "Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community," published in 2000. In the book, Putnam discusses the decline of social capital and the weakening of community ties in the United States, using the decline in bowling league participation as a metaphor for the larger trend of reduced social and civic engagement. This work has been influential in the study of social connectedness and community in modern society.