Who developed Total Physical Response, which is a language teaching method?

Correct option is C

Explanation:

Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher in the 1960s. This method is based on the principle that language learning is most effective when learners are actively involved and physically engaged. The method emphasizes the use of physical movement to reinforce language learning. In TPR, teachers give commands in the target language (e.g., "stand up," "sit down," "touch your head") and the learners respond physically by performing the actions. This method is particularly effective for beginners and younger learners as it combines kinesthetic learning (learning through movement) with language acquisition.
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Information Booster:

James Asher and TPR:

• James Asher, a professor of psychology, developed the Total Physical Response method as an approach to second language acquisition.
  
• TPR is rooted in psychological principles and incorporates the concept of physical responses to linguistic commands. It is based on the idea that physical movement can reinforce language comprehension, leading to faster and more effective learning.
  

Key Features of TPR:

• In TPR, the teacher gives simple commands in the target language and learners physically respond. Over time, students can perform more complex actions based on the instructions.
  
• The method is stress-free, allowing students to learn at their own pace without the pressure to speak prematurely.
  
• Language production (speaking) comes later in the process, and the primary focus is on developing comprehension first.
  
• TPR encourages a high level of interaction between the teacher and students and is particularly suited for children and beginners in language learning.
  

Advantages of TPR:

• Engagement: Since learners are physically involved, TPR helps to maintain their attention and engagement.
  
• Memory retention: Physical actions paired with language enhance memory retention by connecting language with action.
  
• Natural language acquisition: The method mimics how children acquire their first language—by understanding first and producing speech later.
  

Application of TPR:

• TPR is widely used in foreign language classrooms, particularly for young learners and beginning students.
  
• It is also used in ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms to introduce basic vocabulary and actions.
  

Additional Knowledge:

"John Dewey" → 
John Dewey was a philosopher and educator known for his work on progressive education. His ideas about experiential learning influenced educational theory.

"Terry Eagleton" → 
Terry Eagleton is a well-known literary theorist. He is famous for his work in Marxist literary criticism and cultural theory.

"B.F. Skinner" →
B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist psychologist who is famous for his work in operant conditioning and behavioral psychology. His theories on learning and behavior influenced educational practices.