Who defined jurisprudence as "the formal science of positive law"?

Correct option is C

Salmond defined jurisprudence as “the formal science of positive law.” He viewed jurisprudence as a science that systematically studies legal principles and their logical structure, focusing on the norms set by a sovereign authority.
Information Booster: Salmond made a distinction between general jurisprudence (concerned with fundamental legal principles) and particular jurisprudence (concerned with the legal system of a particular country).