The concept of Universalism is based on:
(A) Natural Theory
(B) Theory of Rationalism
(C) Theory of Positivism
(D) Theory of Cultural Relativism
Choose the most appropriate option:

Correct option is A

The correct answer is:  (a) (A) and (B)

Explanation

The concept of Universalism is primarily based on:

• Natural Theory: This theory posits that there are inherent rights and moral principles that apply universally to all human beings by virtue of their nature or existence.

• Theory of Rationalism: This theory holds that human beings have the innate capacity for reason, and through this rationality, universal moral laws and rights can be discerned.

Together, these theories support the idea that universal rights and principles exist independent of culture, location, or positivist legal frameworks.

Information Booster

• Natural Theory finds its roots in the philosophy of natural law which emphasizes inherent human rights and morality that transcend laws enacted by any government.

• Rationalism focuses on the power of reason as the foundation for universal truths and ethical norms.

• Universalism argues that certain rights and ethical principles should be applied equally to all individuals worldwide, regardless of cultural or social differences.

Additional Knowledge

• Theory of Positivism (C):
  Emphasizes that law is created by human enactment or agreements (positive law). Positivism generally rejects the idea of inherent universal morality and instead considers law as derived from sovereign authority.

• Theory of Cultural Relativism (D):
  Contradicts universalism by stating that moral and legal norms are culturally bound and vary from society to society. Hence, universalism is not based on cultural relativism.