Which two titles from among the following deal with issues related to the institutionalisation of English in post-independence India?

(a) Provocations
(b) Professing Literature
(c) The Lie of the Land
(d) The Muse Unchained

The right combination according to the code is:

Correct option is B

Explanation:

Provocations by Ashok M. Sharda and The Lie of the Land by R. Parthasarathy both critically examine the role and institutionalization of the English language in post-independence India. These works explore how English has continued to play an influential and often dominant role in education, politics, and culture even after India's independence.

Professing Literature and The Muse Unchained, while significant works, focus on broader issues related to literature, academia, and the culture of writing, but they do not specifically address the institutionalization of English as focused in the question.

Information Booster:

Institutionalization of English:
- In post-independence India, English retained its status as an associate official language despite independence, with significant implications for education, governance, and global communication. This idea is thoroughly explored in both Provocations and The Lie of the Land.

Role of English in Education:
- English in post-colonial India became an instrument of knowledge transmission and is considered a unifying language across diverse linguistic backgrounds. Its institutionalization in universities and government institutions perpetuates a post-colonial framework in India’s educational system.

Ashok M. Sharda’s Provocations:
- Sharda critiques how English continues to hold a privileged status in India and how its role in the education system marginalizes local languages and influences cultural policies.

R. Parthasarathy’s The Lie of the Land:
- Parthasarathy critiques how the dominance of English shapes the Indian literary and intellectual landscape, sidelining regional languages and reinforcing a Westernized elite culture.

The Legacy of English:
- Both works explore how English, though a colonial inheritance, continues to be a crucial element in defining India’s intellectual and political landscape, despite the emphasis on national languages post-independence.

Additional Knowledge:

Professing Literature:
- This work focuses on the complexities of teaching and understanding literature in the Indian context, it addresses broader academic concerns about the nature and function of literature in modern Indian society.

The Muse Unchained:
- This text discusses creative freedom and the constraints on literary expression.