Which perspective is often referred to as the ‘third force’ in psychology and focusses on a person’s freedom of choice in determining his behaviour?

Correct option is E

● 1. The perspective referred to as the "third force" in psychology is Humanistic Psychology, not listed in the options.
● 2. Humanistic psychology focuses on the individual's ability to make free choices and emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
● 3. Unlike behaviorism (which focuses on observable behavior) and cognitive psychology (which focuses on mental processes), humanistic psychology believes in the inherent goodness and autonomy of humans.

Information Booster
● 1. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are the key proponents of humanistic psychology.
● 2. The "third force" stands in contrast to the first two forces: psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
● 3. Humanistic psychology emphasizes concepts such as self-actualization, self-esteem, and the inherent potential of individuals.
● 4. The Maslow Hierarchy of Needs is a fundamental theory in humanistic psychology, where self-actualization is the highest need.
● 5. Humanistic psychology is known for its emphasis on the individual's subjective experience and the importance of personal meaning in life.
● 6. This perspective contributed significantly to the development of counseling and therapy, especially with client-centered therapy pioneered by Carl Rogers.

Additional Information
● (A) Biopsychological perspective: This perspective focuses on how biological factors such as brain structures, neurotransmitters, and hormones influence behavior. It does not emphasize personal freedom or choice in behavior.
● (B) Cognitive psychology: Cognitive psychology is concerned with mental processes like memory, perception, and problem-solving. It doesn’t focus on freedom of choice in the same way humanistic psychology does.
● (C) Behaviourism: Behaviourism emphasizes observable behavior and believes that behavior is shaped by environmental stimuli. It generally ignores the role of personal freedom in determining behavior.