Which patient is having very high risk for developing ovarian cancer?

Correct option is C

Nulliparous women (those who have never been pregnant) are at higher risk for ovarian cancer due to uninterrupted ovulatory cycles throughout reproductive life. Every ovulation involves tissue rupture and repair, which may contribute to DNA mutations over time. Hormonal shifts from pregnancies and contraceptive use lower this risk by suppressing ovulation. Explanation of each option: • (a) 30 yrs old on oral contraceptives – Oral contraceptive pills are known to significantly reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by inhibiting ovulation. The more prolonged the use, the greater the protective benefit. • (b) 36 yrs old who had first child at 22 yrs – Early and multiple full-term pregnancies are protective against ovarian cancer as they reduce the total number of ovulatory cycles and increase hormonal stability. • (c) 45 yrs old who was never been pregnant – Correct. Nulliparity is one of the strongest risk factors for ovarian cancer. Continuous ovulation without the hormonal interruption of pregnancy can increase the chance of cell mutation and cancerous growth in the ovarian epithelium. • (d) 40 yrs old who had 5 alive children, 1 abortion – Multiple live births decrease the risk of ovarian cancer significantly. Even one or more abortions are not considered to increase risk notably if full-term pregnancies are present.