Which one of the following is an active factor of soil formation resulting into its fertility?

Correct option is A

Introduction
The factors of soil formation (C.L.O.R.P.T.) are Climate, Organisms (Biota), Relief (Topography), Parent material, and Time. Among these, Climate and Organisms are considered active factors because they directly and dynamically influence the process of soil formation. Specifically, climate (rainfall, temperature) controls the rate of weathering and leaching, which are vital for forming and influencing the soil's fertility.
Information Booster
· Factors of Soil Formation: The five classical factors are Climate, Organisms, Relief, Parent material, and Time.
· Active Factors: Climate and Organisms (biota) are the active factors as they supply energy to drive the process of soil formation.
· Climate's Role: Controls the rate of chemical and physical weathering, the movement of water (leaching), and the decomposition of organic matter, all of which determine the final soil type and its fertility.
· Resulting Fertility: Warm, humid climates, for example, accelerate chemical weathering and organic matter decay, influencing the soil's nutrient content.
· Contrast: Parent material, topography, and time are considered passive factors.
Additional Points
· Time, Parent material, and Topography: These are classified as passive factors of soil formation. They influence the initial conditions of the soil (material and location) but do not actively drive the continuous chemical and physical processes like climate and organisms do.