Which of the following was not stated in the Directive Principles of State Policy? (A) Right to education (B) Organization of village panchayats

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Neither A nor B
Explanation:
• Both the Right to education and the Organization of village panchayats are explicitly stated within the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution.
• Since the question asks which was not stated, and both are indeed present, the answer is "Neither A nor B."
• Article 40 of the Constitution directs the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with powers to function as units of self-government.
• Article 45 originally provided for free and compulsory education for children; following the 86th Amendment, it focuses on early childhood care and education for children below six years.
• Article 41 also mentions the right to education in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement within the limits of economic capacity.
Information Booster:
• The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51.
• They are non-justiciable in nature, meaning they are not legally enforceable by the courts for their violation.
• The concept of DPSP was borrowed from the Irish Constitution, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as 'Novel Features' of the Indian Constitution.
• The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act (2002) shifted the "Right to Education" from Article 45 (DPSP) to Article 21A (Fundamental Rights) for children aged 6 to 14.
Additional Knowledge:
Right to education (Option A)
• Currently exists as a Fundamental Right under Article 21A.
• It is also a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k) for parents or guardians.
• As a DPSP, it continues to exist under Article 45 (for early childhood) and Article 41 (right to work and education in specific cases).
Organization of village panchayats (Option B) • This is a Gandhian Principle included in the DPSP under Article 40.
• It was given practical constitutional shape through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which added Part IX to the Constitution.
• This amendment led to the creation of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system in India.