Which of the following structures of Buddhist architecture is used as the living quarters of the monks?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is: (b) Viharas

Explanation:
Viharas are Buddhist monasteries or living quarters used by monks for residence, study, and meditation. Originally, these were simple structures used during the rainy season, but over time they evolved into large complexes with cells, prayer halls, libraries, and kitchens. These were often rock-cut structures during the Mauryan and post-Mauryan periods and are an integral part of Buddhist monastic life.

Information Booster:
• The word Vihara means "dwelling" or "monastery" in Sanskrit.
• The earliest Viharas were built during the Mauryan period (3rd century BCE).
• Important examples include the Ajanta and Ellora caves in Maharashtra.
• Viharas later evolved into educational centers like Nalanda and Vikramshila.
• They typically consist of a central hall with small cells along the sides.
• Viharas are part of the Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhist architectural traditions.

Additional Information:
•  Chaitya Grihas:  These are prayer halls or sanctuaries with a stupa at one end, not living quarters.
•  Stupas:  These are relic mounds or shrines, used for meditation and worship, not habitation.