Which of the following statements is correct about Ellora Caves?

I. Ellora Caves consists of only 24 monasteries and temples, extending over more than 2 km.

II. It illustrates the spirit of tolerance that was characteristic of ancient India.

Correct option is D

​The correct answer is (d) Only II

Explanation:

• Statement I is Incorrect: The Ellora Caves consist of 34 monasteries and temples, not 24. These include 12 Buddhist caves, 17 Hindu caves, and 5 Jain caves, carved side by side into the wall of a high basalt cliff. They extend over more than 2 kilometers, but the number given in the statement is inaccurate.
• Statement II is Correct: The Ellora caves are a remarkable example of religious tolerance and cultural coexistence. The presence of monuments from **three major religions of ancient India—Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism—in close proximity reflects the spirit of harmony and mutual respect that was prevalent during the time of their construction (6th to 10th century CE).

Information Booster:

Ajanta and Ellora Caves – Overview

• Located near Aurangabad, Maharashtra.
• Among the finest examples of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture.
• Recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Ajanta Caves

• Number of caves: 29
• Period: 2nd century BCE to 6th century CE
• Religion: Buddhist
• Functioned as:
• Monastic retreat for Buddhist monks
• Cells for meditation
• Assembly halls for discussions
• Stupas for rituals
• Known for exquisite murals, frescoes, and sculptures depicting the life of Buddha.

Ellora Caves

• Number of caves: 34
• Period: 6th century CE to 11th century CE
• Religion: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain (multi-religious site)
• Sculptures include:
• Deities, celestial beings, mythological scenes
• Royal portraits and scenes from daily life

Kailash Temple (Ellora)

• A major highlight of Ellora Caves
• Dedicated to Lord Shiva
• One of the largest monolithic rock-cut temples in the world
• Carved vertically from a single rock
• Construction period: approx. 18 years