Which of the following sites provides evidence of early urban planning during the Middle Iron Age in India?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a)  Kaushambi

Explanation:

Kaushambi provides evidence of early urban planning during the Middle Iron Age (c. 600 BCE – 300 BCE) in India.

• It was an important city during the Vedic and Mauryan periods and showed fortification, planned roads, drainage systems, and urban structures.
• The site contains ramparts, moats, and bastions, which indicate organized settlement planning.
• Kaushambi is mentioned in Buddhist and Jain texts as a prosperous city of the Vatsa Mahajanapada.

Information Booster:

Middle Iron Age (1000 BCE – 600 BCE)

Key Developments:

• Expansion of Iron Technology & Urbanization:
• Widespread use of iron tools and weapons improved agriculture and warfare.
• Growth of settlements and the emergence of early urban centers.
• Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Culture:
• Associated with the Vedic people, mainly found in the Ganga-Yamuna plains.
• Characterized by fine, grey pottery with painted geometric patterns.
• Rise of Fortified Settlements & Early States (Janapadas):
• Formation of Janapadas (small territorial states).
• Cities like Kausambi (modern-day Uttar Pradesh) were fortified, marking the rise of early political structures.