Which of the following mental illnesses is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has a direct negative impact on academic, occupational, or social functioning?

Correct option is B

Sol. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning in academic, occupational, and social settings. Symptoms typically begin in childhood and can persist into adulthood. Treatment often includes behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle modifications.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Autism spectrum disorder – Incorrect. While autism may involve attention issues, it is primarily a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social communication and behavior.
· (b) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – Correct answer. ADHD is specifically characterized by attention deficits and hyperactivity-impulsivity that impact functioning.
· (c) Schizophrenia – Incorrect. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects thought processes, emotions, and perception, often leading to hallucinations and delusions.
· (d) Post-traumatic stress disorder – Incorrect. PTSD results from exposure to traumatic events and involves symptoms such as flashbacks, anxiety, and emotional numbness rather than inattention and hyperactivity.