Which of the following levels of disease prevention includes actions to modify population health determinants?

Correct option is A

Sol. Primordial prevention refers to measures taken to modify social, economic, and environmental factors that influence disease risk at the population level. It aims to reduce risk factors before they appear, focusing on broad determinants like lifestyle, policies, and social structures to prevent the emergence of diseases. Examples include public health policies, promotion of healthy eating habits, and discouraging tobacco use in young populations.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Primordial prevention – Correct answer. This level of prevention focuses on modifying underlying social and environmental determinants that contribute to disease risk, such as improving air quality, banning harmful substances, or promoting healthy behaviors in society.
· (b) Primary prevention – Incorrect. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of disease in individuals through vaccinations, lifestyle changes, and health education but does not modify population-level determinants.
· (c) Secondary prevention – Incorrect. Secondary prevention aims at early detection and intervention to halt the progression of disease, such as screening programs for cancer, diabetes, and hypertension to catch diseases in their early stages.
· (d) Tertiary prevention – Incorrect. Tertiary prevention involves managing and rehabilitating individuals with established diseases to improve quality of life and prevent complications, such as physical therapy for stroke patients or cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack.