Which of the following is not related to incidents of deadly urban smogs?

Correct option is D

1. Meuse Valley (Belgium), 1930:
· Correctly Related.
· This is one of the first well-documented incidents of deadly urban smog.
· The Meuse Valley smog occurred due to industrial pollution and unfavorable meteorological conditions, leading to severe health impacts and deaths.
2. Donora (Pennsylvania, USA), 1948:
· Correctly Related.
· This smog incident in Donora was caused by industrial emissions from steel plants and zinc smelters trapped by a temperature inversion.
· It resulted in 20 deaths and thousands falling ill.
3. London (UK), 1952:
· Correctly Related.
· Known as the "Great Smog of London," this incident was caused by coal combustion and industrial emissions combined with fog, leading to approximately 12,000 deaths.
4. Quebec (Canada), 1968:
· Not Related.
· No significant or deadly smog event was recorded in Quebec during this time. The other options are well-documented incidents of urban smog.
Thus, Option 4 (Quebec, Canada, 1968) is not related to deadly urban smogs.
Information Booster: 1. What Causes Urban Smog?
· Combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc.).
· Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2_22​), nitrogen oxides (NOx_xx​), and particulate matter.
· Trapping of pollutants under temperature inversions.
2. Famous Smog Incidents:
· Meuse Valley (1930): Early industrial smog event.
· Donora (1948): Marked the beginning of air pollution awareness in the USA.
· London (1952): Triggered the UK's Clean Air Act of 1956.
3. Health Impacts of Smog:
· Respiratory problems (asthma, bronchitis).
· Cardiovascular issues.
· Increased mortality during severe events.
Additional Knowledge: · Types of Smog:
· Industrial Smog: Associated with coal burning; rich in sulfur dioxide and particulates.
· Photochemical Smog: Formed by sunlight-driven reactions involving NOx​ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
· Regulations Post Smog Events:
· UK Clean Air Act (1956): Regulated smoke emissions in urban areas.
· US Air Pollution Control Act (1955): First federal air pollution law in the USA.
· Modern-Day Challenges:
· Smog remains a significant issue in rapidly industrializing nations.
· Efforts include transitioning to cleaner fuels and stricter emission standards.