Which of the following is NOT a therapy based on classical conditioning?

Correct option is C

Behavioural activation is not based on classical conditioning; instead, it is a therapeutic approach rooted in operant conditioning and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It focuses on increasing engagement in positive activities to improve mood, particularly in individuals with depression.
On the other hand, systematic desensitization, exposure therapy, and aversion therapy are all based on classical conditioning principles, which involve pairing stimuli to elicit conditioned responses.

Additional Information:

Systematic Desensitization (Classical Conditioning )
Developed by Joseph Wolpe, this therapy is used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders.
It involves gradually exposing a person to an anxiety-provoking stimulus while teaching relaxation techniques to replace fear responses.

Exposure Therapy (Classical Conditioning )
A technique used to help individuals confront their fears by directly exposing them to the feared object or situation in a controlled manner.
This process works through extinction, where the association between the fear stimulus and fear response weakens over time.

Aversion Therapy (Classical Conditioning )
A therapy that pairs an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the occurrence of that behavior.
Example: In treating alcohol addiction, a person is given a drug that induces nausea when alcohol is consumed, leading to an aversive association.