Which of the following is INCORRECT statement about magnetic dipole moment?

Correct option is B

Correct Answer: (b) The individual atoms of calcium possess permanent magnetic dipole moment of its own.
Explanation:
· Calcium atoms do NOT have a permanent magnetic dipole moment, because calcium has paired electrons in its electronic configuration, making it diamagnetic.
· Hence, the statement claiming that calcium atoms possess a permanent magnetic dipole moment is incorrect.
Information Booster:
· Magnetic dipole moment arises when an atom has unpaired electrons.
· Materials classification based on magnetic behavior:
· Paramagnetic: Unpaired electrons → permanent magnetic dipole moment (e.g., O₂, Cu²⁺).
· Diamagnetic: All electrons paired → no permanent dipole moment (e.g., Ca, Bi).
· Ferromagnetic: Strong permanent dipole alignment (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni).
Additional Knowledge:
· (a) Oxygen atoms: Correct — Oxygen is paramagnetic because O₂ has two unpaired electrons.
· (c) Copper atoms: Correct — Neutral copper atom (Cu) has paired electrons → no permanent dipole; however, Cu²⁺ ions are paramagnetic.
· (d) Bismuth atoms: Correct — Bismuth is diamagnetic, so it does not have a permanent magnetic dipole moment.