What happens to magnetic fields when a material becomes superconducting and experiences the Meissner effect?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is: (B) Magnetic fields are completely expelled from the interior of the material.

• The Meissner effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a material becomes superconducting. It states that magnetic fields are completely expelled from the interior of the superconducting material, causing it to exhibit perfect diamagnetism.

• This effect ensures that the material repels magnetic fields and prevents them from penetrating its interior, which is a defining characteristic of superconductors.

• As a result, the magnetic field lines are pushed out, and the material creates a zero-field region inside.

• Superconductivity is a state of matter where the material can conduct electricity without resistance, but only below a certain critical temperature.

• Perfect Diamagnetism: A superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior, which means it behaves like a perfect diamagnet during the Meissner effect.

• Type-I Superconductors: In these materials, the Meissner effect is perfect, meaning magnetic fields are entirely expelled. However, in Type-II superconductors, the material allows magnetic fields to penetrate in certain regions but still expels most of the field in other areas.

• A. Magnetic fields penetrate the material freely: Incorrect. In the superconducting state, magnetic fields are expelled, not allowed to penetrate.

• C. Magnetic fields are absorbed and stored inside the material: Incorrect. Superconductors expel magnetic fields, they do not absorb them.

• D. Magnetic fields are increased in strength within the material: Incorrect. The Meissner effect results in a reduction in the magnetic field inside the material.