Correct option is B
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country’s average achievements in three key dimensions of human development:
Health – measured by the Life Expectancy Index
Education – measured by the Education Index (which itself includes mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling)
Standard of Living – measured using GNI per capita (PPP), not NNI Index
• HDI was introduced in 1990 by Mahbub ul Haq and supported by Amartya Sen.
• Countries are ranked as having very high, high, medium, or low human development.
• HDI ranges from 0 to 1, where closer to 1 indicates higher development.
• India’s HDI ranking in 2023 was 134th out of 191 countries.