General Human Development Index includes mainly

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) All of the above

Explanation:

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic encompassing three core dimensions of human development.
• These dimensions include a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy at birth).
• It includes access to knowledge (measured by adult literacy rate and gross enrollment ratios, or mean and expected years of schooling).
• It also includes a decent standard of living (measured by Gross National Income or per capita income).

• The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian economist Amartya Sen in 1990.
• It is published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as part of the Human Development Report.
• HDI focuses on people and their capabilities as the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not just economic growth.

• life expectancy (Option A)
  It acts as an indicator of public health and healthcare availability but alone cannot define HDI.
• per capita income (Option B)
  It represents economic well-being and purchasing power parity (PPP).
• literacy rate (Option C)
  It reflects the educational attainment and human capital foundation of a nation.