Correct option is B
The factors that contribute to urban decline are:
- A. Changes in forms of transport: Changes in transportation infrastructure, such as the development of more accessible or advanced transportation options that bypass the city, can lead to a decrease in the city's importance and population.
- B. Exhaustion of mineral deposits: Urban areas that heavily rely on the extraction of natural resources such as minerals may experience decline once those resources are depleted, leading to economic downturns and loss of jobs.
- E. Competition from nearby towns: If nearby towns or regions offer better infrastructure, economic opportunities, or quality of life, they may attract people and businesses, leading to urban decline in the original city.
Information Booster:
- Urban decline happens due to a mix of economic, social, and environmental factors that result in population loss, reduced economic activity, and a lower quality of life.
- Poor transportation systems, resource depletion, and competition from neighboring areas often accelerate urban decline by reducing opportunities and attractiveness of the city.
- Effective city governance and climate change are important but are often interrelated with the other factors for a broader understanding of urban sustainability.
Additional Knowledge:
C. Climate change and D. City governance are not as immediately linked to urban decline as the other factors.
- Climate change does influence cities over time, but it is more of a long-term and indirect contributor to urban decline.
- City governance is an essential factor, but it is not listed as one of the contributing factors in this specific context based on the options.