Who coined the term ‘network society’ in the context of globalisation?

Correct option is C

The term "network society" was coined by Manuel Castells, a Spanish sociologist, in his work "The Rise of the Network Society" (1996). Castells described the network society as a social structure shaped by information technology, globalisation, and digital communication networks. He argued that in the modern era, economic, political, and social activities are increasingly organised around electronic networks rather than traditional hierarchical structures.

• Manuel Castells' Theory of Network Society
  • The global economy is structured around networks rather than physical locations.
  • The Internet and digital technologies have created a new form of social organisation.
  • Power and influence are distributed across interconnected global networks, making traditional geographical boundaries less relevant.

1. (a) Ulrich Beck – Incorrect

   • Known for his theory of "Risk Society", which focuses on how modern societies deal with global risks like environmental crises and financial instability.

2. (b) Anthony Giddens – Incorrect

   • Developed the theory of Structuration and wrote extensively on globalisation and modernity, but did not coin the term "network society."

3. (d) Carl O. Sauer – Incorrect

   • A geographer famous for his work on cultural landscapes and human geography, not globalisation or network society.