Which of the following describes a key function of Subordinate Courts in India?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Resolve civil and criminal disputes at district level
Explanation:
· The Subordinate Courts, often referred to as District and Lower Courts, are the primary courts of original jurisdiction in India.
· Their main function is to handle the vast majority of cases—both civil disputes (property, family, contract matters) and criminal offenses (theft, assault, murder)—that arise at the district and local levels.
· By resolving these cases, they form the backbone of the Indian judicial system and ensure justice is accessible at the grassroots level.
Information Booster:
· Nomenclature: The highest judicial authority in a district is the District and Sessions Judge. When dealing with civil cases, they are called the District Judge; when dealing with criminal cases, they are called the Sessions Judge.
· Supervision: The Subordinate Courts function under the superintendence and control of the respective High Court of the state, as provided under Article 235 of the Constitution.
· Appointment: District Judges are appointed by the Governor of the State in consultation with the High Court (Article 233).
Additional Information:
· Three Tiers: The Subordinate Judiciary generally comprises three main types of courts: Civil Courts, Criminal Courts, and Revenue Courts (handling land revenue disputes).
· Jurisdiction: Sessions Courts have the power to impose any sentence authorized by law, including life imprisonment and the death penalty. However, any death sentence awarded must be confirmed by the High Court before it can be executed.
· Writ Power: Unlike the Supreme Court and High Courts, the Subordinate Courts do not have the power to issue Writs (like Habeas Corpus or Mandamus) under Articles 32 or 226 of the Constitution.