Which of the following conditions is caused by the clouding of the lens in the eye?

Correct option is D

• The flagella of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their microtubular organization and type of movement. In eukaryotic cells, the flagella are composed of microtubules arranged in a 9+2 structure, and they move in a whip-like fashion, using dynein motors to generate movement. In prokaryotic cells, flagella are made of a protein called flagellin, and their movement is rotational, powered by the proton motive force across the bacterial membrane.
  

• Prokaryotic flagella: These are simpler structures made of the protein flagellin. The flagella rotate like a propeller to move the cell.
• Eukaryotic flagella: These are more complex structures composed of microtubules arranged in a 9+2 configuration, where the outer ring has 9 pairs of microtubules and the inner core has 2 single microtubules. They move in a bending, whip-like fashion.
• The movement in prokaryotic flagella is rotational, while in eukaryotic flagella, it is undulating or whip-like.
• The location of flagella differs as well. In eukaryotic cells, flagella extend from the surface of the cell, while in prokaryotic cells, they are embedded in the cell wall or membrane.
• Eukaryotic flagella require ATP for movement, whereas prokaryotic flagella are powered by a proton gradient across the bacterial membrane.

• Mode of functioning: While the functioning and movement are different, both types of flagella are used for motility, but their mechanisms differ.
• Types of movement: The type of movement is rotational in prokaryotes and bending or whip-like in eukaryotes.
• Microtubular organization: Eukaryotic flagella have a highly organized microtubule structure (9+2), whereas prokaryotic flagella are simpler and consist of protein filaments.