................, started in India in 2014, is an effective means of public communication for providing information about air quality to people.

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) National Air Quality Index
Explanation:
. The National Air Quality Index (AQI) was launched in India on October 17, 2014, under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
. It was started to provide real-time information about air quality in a format that is easily understood by the general public.
. The AQI transforms complex air quality data of various pollutants into a single number (index value), nomenclature, and colour.
. It was developed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in consultation with IIT Kanpur.
. There are six AQI categories: Good, Satisfactory, Moderately polluted, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe.
Information Booster:
The AQI considers eight pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb. For a city to have an AQI, at least three pollutants must be measured, one of which must be either PM10 or PM2.5.
Additional Knowledge:
Air Quality Management System (Option a)
. This is a general term for technical frameworks used to monitor and control air pollution but is not the specific 2014 public communication tool.
National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) (Option c)
. These are standards for air quality set by the CPCB that are legally binding; the current standards were notified in 2009, not 2014.
Air Pollution Management and Modeling (Option d)
. This refers to the scientific study and simulation of how pollutants disperse in the atmosphere, used for urban planning.