Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

Which of the following are comprised in executive functions?
(a) Planning
(b) Attention
(c) Set shifting
(d) Declarative memory

Correct option is A

The correct answer is A, B and C only.
1. Executive functions refer to a set of cognitive processes that help an individual plan, make decisions, solve problems, and control behavior.
2. A. Planning is a core executive function, involving the ability to set goals and develop strategies to achieve them.
3. B. Attention is also a key executive function, as it involves the capacity to focus mental resources on relevant tasks and maintain concentration.
4. C. Set shifting refers to the ability to switch between tasks or mental sets flexibly, another important executive function.
5. D. Declarative memory is related to the storage and recall of factual information, but it is not typically considered a core component of executive functions. Instead, executive functions are more focused on processes like decision-making, planning, and controlling behavior.